The Ancient Concept Of Diplomatic Immunity And Relations Across Borders Law Essay

The Ancient Concept Of Diplomatic Immunity And Relations Across Borders Law Essay INTRODUCTION Diplomatic immunity is considered as an ancient concept concerning relations across borders. It even dates back to Ancient Greece and Rome. Today, it is a principle that has been codified into the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961 and this regulates past customs and practices. Indeed, as the ICJ indicated in US v. Iran  [1]  , a large number of the provisions of the Convention reflect customary international law. Moreover, it was found that almost all disputes relating to diplomatic law could be resolved by referring to the Convention or the obligations contained in it. The term Diplomatic immunity and privileges connotes a form of legal immunity and a policy held between governments. This aims at ensuring that  diplomats  are safe in the host State and that they are not liable to  lawsuit  or  prosecution  under the laws of the receiving State. It is noteworthy to state that there is a distinction between an immunity and a privilege but these are known to have been used interchangeably  [2]  . Various authors like Morton, Stefko and Makowski have tried to distinguish between the meanings. Although each of them described the terms in his own words, they basically have a common denominator. Privileges can be defined as benefits or rights that other persons do not have while Immunities can be considered as exemptions from the jurisdiction of the law of the receiving State.  [3]   The traditional tasks of the diplomats can be summarised as follows: analytical assessment of the receiving State, protection of citizens of the sending State who are present in the host State and relation building between the two States. However, today, diplomats also deal with issues such as the promotion of trade, peacemaking, environmental concerns, nuclear weapons and drug abuse across borders amongst others. According to Brownlie, diplomacy exists to create and maintain communication between States so that objectives regarding commercial, political and legal activities can be pursued.  [4]  It can be argued that, today, instantaneous communication can be made via modern devices. Yet, long-distance communication can in no way rival the personal and confidential meetings between the representative of the sending State and the Government of the receiving State. As such, diplomats are granted some immunities and privileges to perform the tasks to which they are accredited efficiently.  [5]   Unfortunately, diplomats started overusing or abusing of the immunities and privileges they were benefitting from. Indeed, immunities ranging from personal immunity from jurisdiction to the inviolability of the diplomatic bag led to abuses of the protection afforded by the VCDR. Furthermore, since the staff and families of diplomatic officials also enjoy privileges and immunities, there were abuses by them also. Hence, members of diplomatic missions and their families are immune from local punishment and they seem to be above the local law. Although the VCDR provides remedies against diplomats, staff and families who commit abuses, it seems that these are not enough to suppress wrongdoings. Nevertheless, the receiving States are not left to their misfortune without remedies. Indeed, certain measures are provided for in the VCDR to hinder the condemnable acts of the diplomats such as the declaration that the diplomat is persona non grata. Additionally, various acts in the UK, the US and the Republic of South Africa will be analysed in order to show which measures were taken by a few Governments to try to curb diplomatic abuses. Without any doubt, the VCDR did not prepare for some eventualities and measures to deter the unwarranted acts by diplomats are lacking. Although it would be difficult to totally eliminate the abuses, measures can be taken to reduce them considerably. It is to be noted that only selected articles of the VCDR which deal with immunity, privileges and abuses will be dealt with in this dissertation. Moreover, for illustration and analysis purposes, some cases prior to 1961 will be used throughout the dissertation. This dissertation will firstly explore the history behind Diplomatic Relations and the theories which moulded diplomatic immunity and privileges (Chapter 1). Secondly, the different types of immunities and privileges granted to diplomats will be elaborated upon (Chapter 2). Next, abuses by diplomatic agents and their families will be dealt with (Chapter 3). Furthermore, an overview on existing measures to curb abuses will follow (Chapter 4). Finally, several suggestions have been put forward to hinder such abuses (Chapter 5). Ó Ãƒâ€œÃ‚ Ãƒâ€œÃ‚ Ãƒâ€œÃ‚ Ãƒâ€œÃ‚ Ãƒâ€œÃ‚  Ó Ãƒâ€œÃ‚  CHAPTER 1: HISTORICAL ORIGIN AND SOURCES OF LAW OF DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY Modern Diplomatic Law was shaped by events and ideas since time immemorial. According to some authors  [6]  , diplomatic immunity existed since the era of cavemen -who would probably communicate with one another to draw the limits of their hunting grounds. This chapter will deal with the most important parts of the historical development of diplomatic relations (1.1). Then, the VCDR will be analysed (1.2). Eventually, an overview will follow on other important sources of Diplomatic Law (1.3). HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS There were many stages of development of diplomatic relations in the past (1.1.1). As from antiquity itself, modern forms of protection were given to envoys. It is found that diplomatic relations were also influenced by Natural Law from the 12th to the 17th century and positivist writers after the 17th century.  [7]  Finally, there were also theroies which shaped diplomatic immunity (1.1.2). DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS IN THE PAST The preamble of the VCDR states that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Recalling that peoples of all nations from ancient times have recognized the status of diplomatic agentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Building on this statement, it is affirmed that Diplomatic Immunity has undeniably been a facet of diplomatic relations for countless years. In fact, it is regarded as one of the oldest branches of International Law. Indeed, since time immemorial, envoys were selected and sent to forward messages, obtain replies and give report on news from receiving States. Necessity was a principle which forced most States to give diplomats protection, both within the host State and in States of transit.  [8]   In Antiquity, diplomatic immunity was regarded as a divine right. The main factors ensuring immunity and privileges were culture, language and religion. The ideas and customs of the Roman community concerning immunity have been categorically established and these created the foundation of modern practices. The earliest record of organised diplomatic law is found in Ancient Greece whereby the Greek Government gave special status to foreign representatives.  [9]   During the Renaissance, scholars and others laid emphasis on the idea that Natural Law gave a strong argument for the protection of envoys during their official functions.  [10]  The most important principle of the Naturalist doctrine was that of necessity; it was necessary to protect ambassadors because of the importance of their functions.  [11]  Grotius, a naturalist writer, arrived at the conclusion that immunity was based on Natural Law; he argued that the safety of diplomats was far more important than any advantage which could be derived from the punishment of his crimes. His security would be challenged if he were to be prosecuted by States other than the sending State.  [12]   By the 19th century, Natural law declined and there was a shift to positive law. One positivist theorist, Van Bynkershoek, pointed out that the law of Nations was based on the common consent between Nations through international customs or through treaties. He continued by expanding the concept of immunity and justifying it, whether there were questionable acts or not, by saying that an ambassador acted through wine and women, through favours and foul devices  [13]  . Certainly, the evolution of diplomatic relations did not stop here. Immunities and privileges developed partly as a result of sovereign immunity and the independence and equality of States.  [14]  Further, as there were more and more permanent missions as compared to ad hoc ones, Sovereigns accepted the importance of ambassadors to negotiate and collect information.  [15]  In 1815, it is found that Vienna was the first site of a Congress for diplomatic agents. Next, the first international attempt to codify the Diplomatic Law was in 1895 with the Draft Convention of the Institute of International Law.  [16]   In 1927, the League of Nations Committee of Experts for the Progressive Codification of International Law made a report analysing existing customary law of diplomatic privileges and immunities. This aimed at providing a temporary instrument until a more comprehensive codification could be written.  [17]  Eventually, Diplomatic Law further progressed with the Havana Convention on Diplomatic Officers 1928. According to its preamble, diplomats should not claim immunities which were not fundamental in performing his official tasks. THEORIES WHICH SHAPED DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY With a further step towards modern immunity with the creation of resident or permanent embassies, three theories were developed and these moulded diplomatic law since the 16th century.  [18]  These theories are Exterritoriality, Personal Representation and Functional Necessity. Each played a prominent role during different periods in history. (a) PERSONAL REPRESENTATION The basis of this theory was that diplomats received immunity as if they were the foreign sovereign. This was out of respect and avoided any form of conflict as the sending State was pleased. In other words, a diplomats immunity arose because he was an extension of the ruler sending him. The representative was treated as though the sovereign of that country was conducting the negotiations, making alliances or refusing requests  [19]  . The great theorists of the 16th and 17th century like Grotius, Van Bynkershoek, Wicquefort, Montesquieu and Vattel supported the use of this theory  [20]  . In The Schooner Exchange v McFaddon  [21]  , the Court held that, by regarding the ambassador as the sovereigns representative, it ensured their stature. If they were not accorded exemptions, every sovereign would cast a shadow on his own dignity when sending an ambassador to a foreign State. (b) EXTERRITORIALITY This theory is based on the Roman law principle whereby a man took his own lands law with him when he went to another land  [22]  . The crux of this theory is that the offices, property and homes of diplomats and even their persons were to be treated, throughout their stay, as though they were on the territory of the sending State. Any crimes committed by the members of that embassy could not be lawfully prosecuted in the receiving State. This theory soon developed and extended to the staff and family of diplomats. Authors like Emmerich de Vattel and James Lorimer emphasised that an ambassadors house and person are not domiciled in the receiving State, but in the sending State  [23]  . In King v Guerchy  [24]  , an English Court did not prosecute a French ambassador for an attempt to assassinate another Frenchman. The Court held that an ambassador owes no subjection to the Courts of the country to which he is sent. He is supposed, by a fiction of law, to be still resident in his own country  [25]  . In Taylor v Best  [26]  , Jervis CJ declared that the basis of privilege is that the ambassador is assumed to be in his own country. The Attorney-General in Magdalena Steam Navigation Co v Martin  [27]  expressed similar opinions. (c) FUNCTIONAL NECESSITY Functional necessity aims not only at allowing the individual diplomat to function freely and effectively, but also ensuring the efficient functioning of the diplomatic process as a whole. This requires the fullest protection be given even if the diplomat goes beyond his function  [28]  . This is based on the idea that immunity is necessary and recognised for the efficient functioning of the diplomat. This theory gained impetus due to the expansion of permanent resident embassies. It is incorporated in the VCDR as the dominant theory in the preamble. Functional necessity limits immunities and privileges to those functions performed by the diplomat in his official capacity. When performing an official task, diplomats need to be able to move freely and not be obstructed by the receiving State. They must be able to observe and report with confidence without the fear of being reprimanded  [29]  . This immunity may be understood to mean that diplomats may break the law of the receiving State in order to fulfil their functions. Grotius stresses that an ambassador must be free from all coercion in order to fulfil his duties  [30]  . Vattel placed the greatest emphasis on the theory in order for ambassadors to accomplish the object of their appointment safely, freely, faithfully and successfully by receiving the necessary immunities  [31]  . In the 18th century, the Lord Chancellor in Buvot v. Barbuit  [32]  declared that diplomatic privileges stem from the necessity that nations need to interact with one another. Similarly, in Parkinson v Potter  [33]  , the Court observed that an extension of exemption from jurisdiction of the Courts was essential to the duties that the ambassador has to perform. THE VCDR  [34]   Further along the time-line, in 1961, an international treaty was born to codify the past practices: the VCDR. This is the main source of Diplomatic Law and which is embodied into a comprehensive and widely accepted international treaty which was signed by 179 parties. It was adopted on 18 April 1961 during the UN Conference on Diplomatic Intercourse and Immunities held in Vienna. This Convention bears testament to the efforts of States to reach agreement for the common good. Its provisions marked progression of custom into settled law and resolved areas of contention where practices conflicted  [35]  . The Convention contains 53 articles that govern the behaviour of diplomats, 13 of which address the issue of immunity. Due to the comprehensive formulation of a wide range of aspects of diplomatic law, the VCDR met with a lot of success. Indeed most states were satisfied because of the presence reciprocity  [36]  which renders each state both a sending and a receiving state. It is to be noted that diplomatic immunity should not be confused with Consular immunity  [37]  , State immunity, UN immunity  [38]  and international organisations immunity  [39]  . Importantly, the VCDR focuses only on permanent envoys and does not deal with ad hoc envoys which are covered by another Convention  [40]  . This section will deal with working towards the VCDR (1.2.1). For a better understanding of the VCDR, a brief study on the provisions of the VCDR will follow (1.2.2). 1.2.1 WORKING TOWARDS THE VCDR Before 1961, Diplomatic Law was, to a large extent, customary and it was accompanied by some attempts to codify certain rules  [41]  . None of those attempts addressed the field in sufficient detail. In 1957, following the General Assembly Resolution 685, the ILC accepted to prepare a draft Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The drafters had the burdensome task of incorporating the concerns of all countries involved in the early 1960s and a history dating as far as the first civilised settlements. The ILC requested information and opinions from governments so that a worthy document could be drafted. This was necessary in order to eliminate diverging views and customs. While formulating the Convention, the drafters also considered the absolute immunity granted to diplomats since ancient times. In 1961, the Conference was organised to discuss the draft and this was attended by 81 States and several international organisations as observers. These States were able to reach consensus on many issues. The VCDR, based on a series of draft articles, was agreed upon. It solved dissensions concerning State practice, made available additional rules and agreed that customs would govern field which were not dealt with in the VCDR  [42]  . It is to be noted that although the VCDR successfully codified several practices, not everyone got what they wanted. For instance, the US argued unsuccessfully for retaining many diplomatic privileges while other States like Italy and Argentina wanted limited immunity. Colombia, Egypt, India and Norway amongst others proposed the prohibiting of diplomatic personnel from engaging in commercial activity. 1.2.2 PROVISIONS OF THE VCDR  [43]   The VCDR provides certain immunities and privileges to different levels of diplomatic officials, their staff and families. For example, diplomats benefit from inviolability of their person, immunity from the law of the receiving state and inviolability of their property. Furthermore, the missions premises and documents are also protected from violation. The VCDR also grants many fiscal privileges and limited customs exemptions. Next, the VCDR gives definitions of some typical functions of the diplomatic mission such as representing the sending State in another state  [44]  . The VCDR also lays importance on the duties and rights of the receiving State. Examples are the rights to disapprove a potential head of mission, to decide that a member of the diplomatic mission is persona non grata and to limit the size of the mission amongst others. Additionally, the host state must protect the premises of the mission as well as its communications. Furthermore, the receiving state has to provide adequate facilities so that the mission can function smoothly. It is noteworthy to stress that an accredited person is not exempt from the obligation to obey local law. In fact, he is under an express duty to do so. OTHER IMPORTANT SOURCES OF DIPLOMATIC LAW Apart from the VCDR, Diplomatic Immunity is regulated by other sources of law. Indeed, they deal with aspects which are not covered under the main Convention. As such, there are Optional Protocols (1.3.1), a Convention covering the prevention and the punishment of internationally protected persons (1.3.2) and Municipal Law which is very important for States which are not directly influenced by International Law (1.3.3). 1.3.1 OPTIONAL PROTOCOLS During the UN Conference on Diplomatic Intercourse and Immunities held in Vienna, 2 Optional Protocols were also adopted. Countries may ratify the main treaty, that is, the VCDR, without necessarily ratifying these optional agreements. These are the Protocol: Concerning Acquisition of Nationality which mainly dictates that the Head of the mission, the staff of the Mission and their families shall not acquire the nationality of the receiving country. Concerning Compulsory Settlement of Dispute. In brief, disputes arising from the interpretation of the VCDR may be brought before the ICJ. As such, article 1 of that Protocol states that: Disputes arising out of the interpretation of the Convention shall lie within the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice and may accordingly be brought before the Court. 1.3.2 THE  UN CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF CRIMES AGAINST INTERNATIONALLY PROTECTED PERSONS, INCLUDING DIPLOMATIC AGENTS 1973 (CPPCPP) The CPPCPP provides that States parties must consider attacks upon diplomats as crimes in internal law and obliges them to extradite or prosecute offenders. Also, in exceptional cases, a diplomat may be arrested or detained on the basis of self-defence or in the interests of protecting  human life in the receiving State. A series of kidnappings of senior diplomats occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The object of the kidnappings was always to extract a particular demand from a government. The threat of the execution of a diplomat and the failure to fulfil the demand leads to the refusing government being held responsible for his death. As a consequence of the high incidence of political acts of violence directed against diplomats and other officials, the General Assembly of the UN adopted the CPPCPP. The foreseen offences are primarily murder, kidnapping, attacks upon the person, violent attacks upon official and private premises, and any threats or attempts to commit any of the above offences.  [45]   Nations ratifying the Prevention and Punishment Convention make these crimes punishable with appropriate penalties, which take into account the gravity of the offence and either extradite offenders or apply the domestic law. Where there is a threat to the safety of a diplomat, such as a mob attack or kidnapping, the receiving State should provide special protection, like an armed guard or bodyguards. 1.3.3 MUNICIPAL LAW Many states are not bound by international law. Indeed, there are rules that treaties made do not have direct effect in national law. As such, it is necessary that those provisions of the Conventions be transformed into municipal law. There are, therefore, a number of Acts of parliament which mirror the VCDR and which also complement it or substitute some of its provisions. In the UK, these include the Diplomatic and Consular Premises Act 1987, providing that the consent of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs is required before land can become diplomatic or consular premises and giving him certain powers in respect of disused premises and the Diplomatic Privileges Act 1964 which reflects the provisions of the VCDR. In the Republic of South Africa, there is the Diplomatic Privileges Act  [46]  which repealed the Diplomatic Immunities Act of 1932 and the Diplomatic Immunities Amendment Act of 1934. In the Republic of Mauritius, the Constitution is the supreme law of the land  [47]  and International Law has no effects without ratification. As such, laws must be passed at parliamentary level, for example, the Consular Relations Act  [48]  reflecting the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1963 and the Diplomatic Relations Act  [49]  which reflects the VCDR. Ó Ãƒâ€œÃ‚ Ãƒâ€œÃ‚ Ãƒâ€œÃ‚ Ãƒâ€œÃ‚ Ãƒâ€œÃ‚  Ó Ãƒâ€œÃ‚ 

Compare the Johnston family Essay

Now do you understand that? †¦ † (police woman to Mrs. Lyons) â€Å"As I say it was more of a prank really, Mrs. Lyons. I’d just dock his pocket money if I was you. But one thing I would like to say, and excuse me if I’m interfering, but I’d not let him mix with the like of them in future. †¦ † He has a sense of pride probably at the fact that everything he does he does it himself without the help of others even though he’s not rich. Mickey and Eddie’s well-developed friendship starts rolling down hill as Mickey starts understanding life better and as his responsibilities grow. He says he had to grow up whilst no one looked and Eddie could stay a kid. By this he basically means you’ve had it laid on a plate for you all your life when I had to work and gain or lose everything. Mickey starts to feel as though people own him because he thought everything he did he did himself when he realizes this is not true he feels betrayed and feels he owes everything he is to someone else. All the struggle and all the suffering Mickey goes through at the end affects Linda as she is his wife and doesn’t get any attention from her husband because his mind is else where all the time. Mrs. Lyons is a selfish woman who took a baby away from its mother. She said the children would die if they found out they were twins because they had been separated at birth, this was a made up superstition, because she knew from a previous incident in act 1 scene 8 that Mrs. Johnston was a very superstitious person. â€Å"Oh God. Never put new shoes on a table, Mrs. Lyons. You never know what’ll happen. † â€Å"Oh, you mean it’s a superstition. You’re superstitious are you? † I think she is just showing of for how much dosh she has. Even though she promises that she would let Mrs. Johnston keep in close contact with the baby as it grows she becomes possessive and sacks her from her job. She thinks that Mrs. Johnston will tell someone and her husband would get angry, as he also doesn’t know the truth. Later on she becomes paranoid of Mrs. Johnston, and starts thinking that the superstition she made up is actually true. After trying to keep her son away from Mickey, in the usual manner, saying he’s a bad influence, threatening, forbidding, etc she decides to move away to a far off area where she thinks Mrs. Johnston would not be able to follow. When Mrs. Johnston gets a house by the council near to where Mrs. Lyons lives, Mrs. Lyons fears are confirmed she starts thinking Mrs. Johnston has put a curse on her. She looks after Eddie well and treats him like her own son so no one suspects anything throughout. In the end she kills both boys due to her mental state. Eddie is given a great childhood he lives in a big house gets the love of his parents and goes to school to get educated. His mother is the only person to know that he is Mrs. Johnston’s child, however she is determined to keep that a secret and keep ‘her’ child away from the Johnston family. He is a member of a rich family therefore is taught to speak in a posh accent and will kind of show off. â€Å"Pissed off! You say smashing things don’t you? Pissed off. Do you know any more words like that? † It is a good thing that he is educated because he can then have a good job and a very good status further in life. Eddie has money and he doesn’t care where the money goes. He thinks of Mickey as a brother, this is probably because he is an only child and when Mickey tells him they can be blood brothers he is delighted that he will finally have a brother. When he is caught by the police woman he ends up getting his lines mixed giving the play a streak of humour as well as showing how protected he has been during his upbringing. â€Å"†¦ And what do you think you’re doing? † â€Å"Adolf Hitler! † â€Å"What’s your name, son? † â€Å"Waiting for a ninety two bus†¦ † â€Å"He’s not with me†¦ † He is sent to boarding schools so that he is kept away from Mickey. He doesn’t understand why everyone wants to keep them apart but goes along because he is left no choice. When he comes back from university for Christmas he is surprised to find that his best friend is now also against him, which upsets him greatly. He tries to show that he is not bothered about Mickey being poor, that Mickey’s friendship means more to him than the world by telling him to take all the money he wants but this just makes Mickey feel offended and feel as though he is being presented with charity money or something. â€Å"Look, come on. I’ve got money, lots of it. I’m back, let’s forget about bloody jobs, let’s go and get Linda and celebrate. Look, look, money, lots of it, have some. † â€Å"NO! I don’t want your money. Stuff it. Eddie, do me a favour will you? Piss off. † â€Å"I thought †¦ I thought we always stuck together. I thought we were †¦ blood brothers. † Even though Mickey stops talking to Eddie and doesn’t want to stay in any form of contact Eddie carries on trying to make there friendship work out. He tries to help Mickey every chance he gets, even if it is only secretly. In the end he finds out they are real brothers. When Mrs. Lyons comes in and goes to shoot Mickey, Eddie sacrifices his life showing he really cared about Mickey.

The Hidden Gem of Book Reflection Essay

The Hidden Gem of Book Reflection Essay Type of Book Reflection Essay A reflection paper is just a reply or an answer to a specific read may that be of any kind. Use certain examples to demonstrate how you achieve your conclusions on this issue. You have to make a very clear and impressive introduction. A great way of writing the debut of a reflection paper is describing your first expectations and attitude to the book that you read. The One Thing to Do for Book Reflection Essay Western life wasn't a bucolic method to hide from the actual world. You don't ever want to shed the most important point of your essay or any body of work for this matter. The simplest way to start is to think about who you're writing to your nearest and dearest. However well known the people that you will quote, you will wind up with a failing grade because this kind of essay requires your own thoughts. Generally, there's some word limit for reflective papers and at times, professors will ask y ou to keep a specific word limit which you require to follow. If you thinking reflective writing is merely a method of conveying some type of information or argument then, you're completely erroneous. The use of appropriate words is essential for grabbing the interest of the readers. Anyway, the words I use will be clarity and simple to comprehend. Please be as specific as possible. Maybe if you are hitting your order utilizing teaching cv uk. Reflection papers will stick out among other forms of papers since they are comparatively informal and concentrate on your reactions to the experience and the way you intend on using your newly acquired knowledge. Make sure it prepares the readers on what they're likely to ready. A book you have lately read. Too many words are used once an author doesn't feel that the story itself is good and attempting to catch the term vomit write fiction. Like a great deal of books, it's inspired by the author's individual experiences, but not s o much so that it turns into a semi-biographical narrative in place of something that manages to stand up alone. The Pain of Book Reflection Essay Don't forget, that conclusion is precisely that portion of the essay that stick's to people's memory first and foremost. The conclusion A conclusion on just about any body of writing will look the exact same. State a pivotal conclusion you drew from the class that impacts the direction you view or act in your life. Anderson with the aid of Erik Walker and inspired by Bill James started to analyze and understand the wisdom of baseball. Consider an event that could grow to be the subject of your essay. You have to consider thoroughly what you're likely to reflect in the essay. It's usually in the latter portion of the essay. How you organize your essay is dependent upon the outline. The Characteristics of Book Reflection Essay A reflection paper on a book is largely academic in nature but it is not as formal. Reflection papers offer a mechanism to explore ideas which are not necessarily covered in class or that you might be hesitant to assert verbally. When you are aware of how to compose a reflection paper, you're able to easily compose one analytically when required to achieve that. Writing a reflective paper has to be brief as you want to get to the professors by your words. The Hidden Facts About Book Reflection Essay If you wish to get a finished paper at an affordable price, you're in the area you demand! Essays, in the same way as any other school assignment, carry some quantity of stress regardless of what it is. Identify why the material will stick out and what you've learned from it. Also, you are supposed to interest the reader and represent your competence in a particular matter. If you buy a glance at APA style reflective essay example you are going to realize that its structure is just the very same with the one described above. If you opt to make APA style reflective essay, don't forget there are strict rules you should follow. Self reflective essay do not demand much research such as other kind of research. In academia, you might be requested to formalise your reflections to demonstrate that learning is happening. Try to remember that a reflection paper isn't only an overview of opinions and experiences. As you read each source, concentrate on understanding the principal ideas. There's no particular reflection paper format for the human body however, you may think describing the experience. The Hidden Treasure of Book Reflection Essay Writing creative reflective essay can add to the growth of your critical thinking abilities. 1 such assignment which you might end up facing one or two times throughout grade school and college is the reflection essay. Set the maximum priority to your tutors requirements and remember a reflective writing example essay from this website is just one approach in academic writing. More inexperienced students should be in a position to grasp different elements which compose a book if they are supposed to analyze the undercurrents later on. Vital Pieces of Book Reflection Essay So, it's important that you've got a proper comprehension of how one ought to prepare a reflective paragraph. Analyze what you've written and decide if the human body and the ending of the paper match your thesis statement and follow logically from the info you presented in the introduction. So, it's very crucial that you prepare the reflective paragraph in an incredibly convenient manner so that it enables you to get your assignment writing needs covered in the best way possible. Every one of the body paragraphs of your writing is going to be filled with all the required evidence and processed diligently!

Music And Its Effect On Music - 1490 Words

Music Itself Does Not Distract You Music is prevalent, so that it is extremely easy to find a place or situation with music played on. Not only does people enjoy music when they dance or sing, throw parties, but also they enjoy music when they drive, study or work. In other words, people live with music and music is an everyday thing. They, contrarily, think that the pieces of music are distractors when they need to concentrate on their works. This is why, especially, most of parents and teachers do not allow their children and students to listen to music while they study. In addition, many employers consider that their employees are not doing work when they are putting earphones on and listening to music. In fact, the music is not an absolute distractor and music itself does not disturb concentration of people but other factors do. The correlation between music and concentration does not apply to all kinds of music, however it depends on what genre of music people listen to while working or studying. In short, not all genres of music distract people from their works. According to the research written by Peter Tze, the result of cognitive works, for example reading, is affected by the genres of music the subjects of the experiment listen to. The hip hop music destroys the attention of people much more easily than the light classical music does. His study has the result that the participants of the experiment, requiring reading with music, with hip hop music have receivedShow MoreRelatedMusic And Effect Of Music1322 Words   |  6 Pagesinvestigating state anxiety of college students who listened to music prior to an exam, and his findings suggests a significant reduction in state anxiety levels of these students (as cited in Davis and Thaut,1989). This study however focuses on the use of preferred music rather than pre-chosen music, which indicates that the music could have been from any genre. This is contrary to other studies which found that sedative background music specifically is what tended to reduce state anxiety (Davis andRead MoreMusic And Its Effects On Music1871 Words   |  8 Pagesworking, cleaning, showering, exercising, dancing among many other things while listening to music. Music can be calming. Music can be uplifting. Music is universal. Music is a commonly discussed topic. But it is mainly discussed whether or not it is appropriate to use in an educational environment. Music is seen as a distraction. Some see it as an efficient medium to appease the mind. It is theorized that music creates out of the box ideas to life and improve critical thinking. Albert Einstein onceRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry1500 Words   |  6 Pagesago it would’ve been unrealistic for artists to believe they could survive in the music industry without a record de al. Thankfully, that has changed and it’s now easier than ever to create and distribute music without a major record label. But there still isn’t a free-for-all market where the music maker can be as free as they want, and maybe not as easy as it should be to reach out to an audience. The fact that music often is received differently in our society depending on the genre, is somethingRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Music Education1002 Words   |  5 Pageschildren wanting to play outside instead of practice violin music is proven to make you smarter. When a child particularly at a young age learns how to play an instrument preferably in a social setting is provides the brain of that child with extra dopamine, new neurological connections, better behavior, and higher test scores. Schools are turning to new programs to aid music education and there are many reasons to support their decision. Music has been proven over many studies to show a connection toRead MoreThe Effect Of Music On Music726 Words   |  3 Pagesto need to make a choice on the music. You can either hire a band to play live at your event, or employ a DJ to MC the festivities. Here are [] benefits explaining why you should consider using a DJ to spin your wedding tunes. Convenience Factor Setting up a live band and their sound system is a complex ordeal. There is usually some type of stage assembly, plus you’re going to need to fill the time gaps when a band needs a break. When you elect to have live music for your wedding reception, youRead MoreThe Effects Of Reggae Music On The Music1216 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many people who do not know about reggae music. I was one of those people who did not know the existence of the reggae music until I met this one beautiful girl. Julie, my beloved beautiful future wife, introduced me the reggae music. My first thought of this music was boring. After a while the more time I spent with her made me fall in love with the reggae music too. The love of the music gave me the curiosity of the music and why reggae music helped me with to relax and gave comfort as I listenRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Music Essay1988 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout the years, music has inspired people. Music touches our heart, m akes us cry, makes us laugh, and heals relationships-even love someone. It encourages us to move-we can march, dance, tap our foot, snap our fingers and sway back and forth. Music fills our minds with memories that can bring a smile or drive us into a deep sadness. Patriotism is displayed when people come together because of a piece of music. Brotherhoods united when the school fight school is played. It creates a bondRead MoreThe Effects Of Classical Music On Music931 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is defined as â€Å"good† or â€Å"real† music? How does an individual come to define that? Many would say that classical music is â€Å"real† music since it is the basis of music that is created today and it has lasted through time. It is still heard today, one of the first types of music to last. Others may strongly disagree; even though it has stood the test of time what actually makes this the sole definition of â€Å"good† music? It doesn’t, there really is not a true universal definition. There are multipleRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry1496 Words   |  6 PagesBefore sound recording were possible, music was enjoyed live by watching the performers performing on their instruments in front of you. When sound recording became possible, the way we enjoy music was not limited to watching the performers anymore. By looking at the development of sound reproduction and the devices that are capable of sound playback, we are able to take a look at look on how the production and consumption of music have been affected over the years in terms of portability, affordabilityRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Music Throughout History1587 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology: The Effects on Music throughout History Music and technology aid one another. In a way a person can capture music they love through technology and then the electronic companies flourish due to the sale and popularity of these electronic devices. If a person wants to listen to music they can turn on a stereo or TV, choose a CD or DVD to play, or listen to a songs downloaded in ITunes. All of these devices are proof to show how technology is used to record, play, and change the way music is heard